Quellen medizinischer Inhalte

1. Leitlinien

1.1 S3-Leitlinien:

1.1.1 Schnarchen

  1. Stuck BA, Braumann Bert, Heiser Clemens, Herzog Michael, Maurer Joachim T., Plößl Sebastian, Steffen Armin, Sommer J. Ulrich, Verse Thomas, Hofauer Benedikt (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V. DGHNO-KHC). S3-Leitlinie (Langfassung) Diagnostik und Therapie des Schnarchens des Erwachsenen. AWMF-Register-Nr. 017/068, PDF Extern;

1.1.2 Schlafapnoe

  1. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin (DGSM). S3 Leitlinie Nicht erholsamer Schlaf/Schlafstörung Kapitel „Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen bei Erwachsenen“. AWMF-Register Nr. 063/001, PDF Extern;
  2. Stuck BA, Arzt M., Fietze I. et al. Teil-Aktualisierung S3-Leitlinie Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen bei Erwachsenen. Somnologie 24, 176–208 (2020), PDF Extern;

1.2 S2-Leitlinien:

  1. Verse T, Dreher A, Heiser C, Herzog M, Maurer JT, Pirsig W, et al. S2e-Leitlinie: „HNO-spezifische Therapie der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe bei Erwachsenen“. AWMF-Register Nr. 017/069. Klasse: S2e. Stand 09/2015, PDF Extern;

2. Fachliteratur

  1. Baenkler HW, Bals R, Goldschmidt H, Hahn JM, Hinterseer M, Knez A, et al. Kurzlehrbuch Innere Medizin. 4. Auflage. Stuttgart: Thieme, 2021;
  2. Crönlein T, Galetke W, Young P. Schlafmedizin 1×1: Praxisorientiertes Basiswissen. 2. Aufl. Berlin: Springer, 2020;
  3. Lambert S. Atmung, Schnarchen und Schlafapnoe: Behandlung der Atemwege in der modernen Präventivmedizin und -zahnmedizin. 1. Auflage. Berlin: Quintessenz; 2024;
  4. Lehnert H, Märker-Hermann E, Marx N, Meyhöfer SM. DGIM Innere Medizin. Berlin: Springer, 2020, https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1;
  5. Peter H, Penzel T, Peter JH, Peter JG. Enzyklopädie der Schlafmedizin. 2. Aufl. Berlin: Springer, 2024;
  6. Pollmächer T, Wetter TC, BAssetti CLA, Högl B, Randerath W, Wiater A. Handbuch Schlafmedizin. 1. Auflage. München: Urban & Fischer, 2020;
  7. Schäfer JW. Schnarchen und Schlaf-Apnoe: Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie schlafbezogener Atemstörungen. 1. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1996;
  8. Stuck BA. Schnarchen des Erwachsenen. 1. Aufl. Berlin: Springer; 2019;
  9. Stuck BA, Maurer JT, Schlarb A, Schredl M, Weeß HG. Praxis der Schlafmedizin: Diagnostik, Differenzialdiagnostik und Therapie bei Erwachsenen und Kindern. 3. Aufl. Berlin: Springer, 2017.

3. Studien

  1. Aman J, Elangovan N, Yeh IL, Konczak J. The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor function: a systematic review. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2015 Jan 28:8:1075, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25674059/;
  2. Andhare N, Yeole U, Deshpande S. Effect of Oropharyngeal Exercise on Obstructive Sleep Apnea. International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research. 2018; 6(4): 887-893, https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/417679;
  3. Antonaglia C, Passuti G. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in non-obese patients. Sleep & breathing. 2022 Jun, 26(2):513-518, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324126/;
  4. Baptista PM, Martin F, Ross H, O’Connor Reina C, Plaza G, Casale M. A systematic review of smartphone applications and devices for obstructive sleep apnea. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2022 Nov-Dec, 88 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):S188-S197, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35210182;
  5. Bisogni V, Pengo MF, De Vito A, Maiolino G, Rossi GP, Moxham J, et al. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea: a review of the evidence. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 2017 Sep, 11(9):711-720, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28730908/;
  6. Bloch KE, Schoch OD, Zhang JN, Russi EW. German Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Respiration (international review of thorac diseases), 1999, 66(5):440-7,
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10516541/;
  7. Büttner A, Feier C, Galetke W, Rühle KH. A questionnaire to capture the functional effects of daytime drowsiness on quality of life in case of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ). Pneumologie. 2008 Sep, 62(9):548-52, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18546083/;
  8. Camacho M, Guilleminault C, Wei JM, Song SA, Noller MW, Reckley LK et al. Oropharyngeal and tongue exercises (myofunctional therapy) for snoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2018 Apr, 275(4):849-855, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29275425/;
  9. Carrasco-Llatas M, O’Connor-Reina C, Calvo-Henríquez C. The Role of Myofunctional Therapy in Treating Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A State-of-the-Art Review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021 Jul, 18(14): 7291, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306407/;
  10. Castro Corrêa C, Berretin-Felix G. Myofunctional therapy applied to upper airway resistance syndrome: a case report. CoDas. 2015 Nov-Dec, 27(6):604-9, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26691626/;
  11. Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, Chung SA, Vairavanathan S, Islam S, Khajehdehi A, et al. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008 May, 108(5):812-21, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18431116/;
  12. Chung F, Subramanyam R, Liao P, Sasaki E, Shapiro C, Sun Y. High STOP-Bang score indicates a high probability of obstructive sleep apnoea. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2012 May, 108(5):768-75, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22401881/;
  13. Crook S, Sievi NA, Bloch KE, Stradling JR, Frei A, Puhan MA, et al. Minimum important difference of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in obstructive sleep apnoea: estimation from three randomised controlled trials. Thorax. 2019 Apr, 74(4):390-396, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30100576/;
  14. De Felício CM, Da Silva Dias FV, Trawitzki LVV. Obstructive sleep apnea: focus on myofunctional therapy. Nature and Science of Sleep-medicine. 2018 Sep 6:10:271-286, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30233265/;
  15. Diaféria G, Santos-Silva R, Truksinas E, Haddad FLM, Santos R, Bommarito S et al. Myofunctional therapy improves adherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Sleep and Breathing. 2017 May;21(2):387-395, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27913971/;
  16. Erturk N, Calik-Kutukcu E, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Caliskan H, et al. The effectiveness of oropharyngeal exercises compared to inspiratory muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized controlled trial. Heart & Lung. 2020 Nov-Dec, 49(6):940-948, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32800391/;
  17. Ewers M, Grewe T, Höppner H, Huber W, Sayn-Wittgenstein F, Stemmer R, Voigt-Radloff S, Walkenhorst U (2012): Forschung in den Gesundheitsfachberufen. Potenziale für eine bedarfsgerechte Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 2012. 137(S2), 37-73, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22674443/;
  18. Franklin KA, Lindberg E. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population – a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. Journal of thoracic diseases. 2015 Aug, 7(8):1311-22, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26380759/;
  19. Gabryelska A, Chrzanowski J, Sochal M, Kaczmarski P, Turkiewicz S, Ditmer M, et al. Nocturnal Oxygen Saturation Parameters as Independent Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. Journal of clinical medicine. 2021 Aug 24, 10(17):3770, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34501217/;
  20. Gerlach M, Sanner B. Guidelines in Practice: The New S3 Guideline „Sleeping Disorders – Sleep-Related Abnormal Breathing. Pneumologie. 2017 Aug, 71(8):508-513; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28558398/;
  21. Gerlach M, Sanner B. Guidelines in Practice: The New S3 Guideline „Sleeping Disorders – Sleep-Related Abnormal Breathing. Laryngorhinootologie. 2017 (370). 96(10): 685-690;
  22. Goldstein C, Zee PC. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2010 Nov 15, 182(10):1332, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21079268/;
  23. Goswami U, Black A, Krohn B, Meyers W, Iber C. Smartphone-based delivery of oropharyngeal exercises for treatment of snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep & Breathing. 2019 Mar, 23(1): 243-250, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30032464/;
  24. Grevendonk L, Connell NJ, McCrum C, Fealy CE, Bilet L, Brul YMH, et al. Impact of aging and exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, energy metabolism, and physical function. Nature communications. 2021 Aug 6, 12(1):4773, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34362885/;
  25. Guimarães KC, Drager LF, Genta PR, Marcondes BF, Lorenzi-Filho G. Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2009 May 15, 179(10):962-6, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19234106/;
  26. Heiser C, Knopf A, Bas M, Gahleitner C, Hofauer B. Selective upper airway stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea: a single center clinical experience. European Archives of Otorhinolaryngoly. 2017 Mar, 274(3):1727-1734, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27619823/;
  27. Hsu B, Emperumal CP, Grbach VX, Padilla M, Enciso R. Effects of respiratory muscle therapy on obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2020 May 15, 16(5):785-801, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32026802/;
  28. Jinmei L, Rong H, Xu Z, Yi X, Jiong Z. STOP-Bang questionnaire is superior to Epworth sleepiness scales,Berlin questionnaire, and STOP questionnaire in screening obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients. Chinese Medical Journal. 2014, 127(17):3065-70, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25189946/;
  29. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep.1991 Dec, 14(6):540-545, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1798888/;
  30. Jullian-Desayes I, Revol B, Chareyre E, Camus P, Villier C, Borel JC, et al. Impact of concomitant medications on obstructive sleep apnoea. British Journal of clinical pharmakology. 2017 Apr, 83(4):688-708, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27735059/;
  31. Kayamori F, Mandelbaum Gonçalves Bianchini E. Effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy on the symptoms and physiological parameters of sleep breathing disorders in adults: a systematic review. Revista CEFAC. 2017 Nov-Dez, 19(6):868-878, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321845557;
  32. Kim J, Oh EG, Choi M, Choi SJ, Joo EY, Lee H, et al. Development and evaluation of myofunctional therapy support program (MTSP) based on self-efficacy theory for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep & breathing. 2020 Sep, 24(3):1051-1058, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31811542/;
  33. Koka V, De Vito A, Roisman G, Petitjean M, Pignatelli GRF, Padovani D, et al. Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pathophysiological Perspective. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Apr 1, 57(4):323, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33915707/;
  34. Lally P, van Jaarsveld CHM, Potts HWW, Wardle J. How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world. European Journal of Social Psychology. 2010. 40(6), 998–1009, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32898894;
  35. Lee JJ, Sundar KM. Evaluation and Management of Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Lung. 2021 Apr, 199(2):87-101, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33713177/;
  36. Lorenzi-Filho G, Almeida FR, Strollo PJ. Treating OSA: Current and emerging therapies beyond CPAP. Respirology. 2017 Nov, 22(8):1500-1507, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28901030/;
  37. Mayer G, Arzt M, Braumann B, Ficker JH, Fietze I, Frohnhofen H, et al. German S3 Guideline Nonrestorative Sleep/Sleep Disorders, chapter „Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Adults,“ short version: German Sleep Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin, DGSM). Somnologie. 2017, 21(4):290-301, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29213210/;
  38. McNicholas WT. Obstructive sleep apnoea of mild severity: should it be treated? Current opinion in pulmonary medicine. 2017 Nov, 23(6):506-511, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28858969/;
  39. Mello de Godoy LB, Pontes Luz G, Palombini LO, Silva LOE, Wilson Hoshino W, Guimarães TM, et al. Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome Patients Have Worse Sleep Quality Compared to Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea. PLoS One. 2016 May 26, 11(5):e0156244, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27228081/;
  40. Neruntarat C, Khuancharee K, Shoowit P. Er:YAG laser for snoring: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Lasers in medical science. 2020 Aug, 35(6):1231-1238, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32112250/;
  41. O’Connor-Reina C, Ignacio Garcia JM, Rodriguez Ruiz E, Morillo Dominguez MDC, Ignacio Barrios V, Baptista Jardin PB et al. Myofunctional Therapy App for Severe Apnea-Hypopnea Sleep Obstructive Syndrome: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth . 2020 Nov 9, 8(11):e23123,
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33093013/;
  42. O’Connor-Reina C, Garcia JMI, Rodriguez Alcala L, Rodríguez Ruiz E, Garcia Iriarte MT, Casado Morente JC, et al. Improving Adherence to Myofunctional Therapy in the Treatment of Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Journal of clinical medicine. 2021 Dec, 10(24): 5772, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34945068/;
  43. O’Halloran KD, Lewis P, McDonald F. Sex, stress and sleep apnoea: Decreased susceptibility to upper airway muscle dysfunction following intermittent hypoxia in females. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 2017 Nov, 245:76-82, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27884793/;
  44. Penzel T, Peter H, Peter JH, Becker HF, Fietze I, Fischer J, et al. Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes – Themenheft 27 “Schlafstörungen“. Berlin: Robert-Koch-Institut, 2005, PDF;
  45. Rodríguez-Alcalá L, Martínez JML, Baptista P, Ríos Fernández R, Gómez FJ, Parejo Santaella J, et al. Sensorimotor tongue evaluation and rehabilitation in patients with sleep-disordered breathing: a novel approach. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2021 Dec, 48(12):1363-1372, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34409644/;
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  50. Sperger T, Faria Araujo AC, de Paula Soares CF. Effect of myofunctional therapy on snoring in obese patients: a randomized trial. Sleep science. 2022 Oct-Dec, 15(4):421-428, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36419818/;
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  52. Stuck BA, Braumann B, Heiser C, Herzog M, Maurer J T, Plößl S, et al (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V. DGHNO-KHC). S3-Leitlinie (Langfassung) Diagnostik und Therapie des Schnarchens des Erwachsenen. AWMF-Register-Nr. 017/068 Somnologie. Somnologie 2019, 23:178-208, https://www.springermedizin.de/somnologie/schnarchen/schnarchen-bei-erwachsenen-diagnostik-und-therapie/18554562;
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