Sources of medical content
The following clinical studies are considered to be the basis of the SchnarchFrei therapy, which have investigated the connection of oral exercise on sleep breathing, sleep quality and (improved) daytime sleepiness:
1
Kátia C. Guimarães, Luciano F. Drager, Pedro R. Genta, Bianca F. Marcondes, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho. Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2009 May 15;179(10):962-6
2
Giovana Diaferia, Luciana Badke, Rogerio Santos-Silva, Silvana Bommarito, Sergio Tufik, Lia Bittencourt. Effect of speech therapy as adjunct treatment to continuous positive airway pressure on the quality of life of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Medicine. 2013 Jul; 14(7): 628-35.
3
Vanessa Ieto, Fabiane Kayamori, Maria I. Montes, Raquel P. Hirata, Marcelo G. Gregório, Adriano M. Alencar, Luciano F. Drager, Pedro R. Genta, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho. Effects of Oropharyngeal Exercises on Snoring: A Randomized Trial. Chest. September 2015 Volume 148, Issue 3, Pages 683–691
4
Cláudia Maria de Felício, Franciele Voltarelli da Silva Dias, Luciana Vitaliano Voi Trawitzki.
Obstructive sleep apnea: focus on myofunctional therapy. Nature and Science of Sleep-medicine. 2018 Sep 6:10:271-286.
5
Ozeas L Lins-Filho, Rodrigo Pinto Pedrosa, Jessica M L Gomes, Sandra L Dantas Moraes, Belmiro Cavalcanti Egito Vasconcelos, Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo Lemos, Eduardo Piza Pellizzer . Effect of exercise training on subjective parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine. 2020 May:69:1-7
6
Mayumi Suzuki, Toshihiro Okamoto, Yuichi Akagi, Haruki Sekiguchi, Kentaro Matsui, Natsumi Satoya, Yuji Inoue, Akihisa Tatsuta, Nobuhisa Hagiwara. Impact on Oral Myofunctional Therapy to Treat The Patients with Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea .Sleep, Volume 42, Issue Supplement_1, April 2019, Page A225.
7
Roshan K Verma, Jai Richo Johnson J, Manoj Goyal, N Banumathy, Upendra Goswami, Naresh K Panda. Oropharyngeal exercises in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea: our experience. Sleep & Breathing. 2016 Dec; 20(4):1193-1201.
8
Nilesh Andhare, Ujwal Yeole, Swapnita Deshpande. Effect of Oropharyngeal Exercise on Obstructive Sleep Apnea. International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research. 2018; 6(4): 887-893.
9
Jaspreet Kaur , Ms. Kanika Rai , Ms. Vinay Kumari , Dr. (Mrs) Jyoti Sarin. Effectiveness of Oropharyngeal Exercises on Daytime Sleepiness, Snoring and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Adults. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research. 2019; 9(1):120-127.
10
Amrit Kaur, Mahesh Mitra. Effect of oropharyngeal exercises and Pranayama on snoring, daytime sleepiness and quality of sleep in patients with moderate obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. European Respiratory Journal. 2019. 54: PA577
11
Shadman Nemati, Hooshang Gerami, Soheil Soltanipour, Alia Saberi, Solmaz Khorasani Moghadam, Fatemeh Setva. The effects of oropharyngeal-lingual exercises in patients with primary snoring. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2015 Apr; 272(4):1027-1031.
12
Macario Camacho, Christian Guilleminault, Justin M Wei, Sungjin A Song, Michael W Noller, Lauren K Reckley, Camilo Fernandez-Salvador, Soroush Zaghi. Oropharyngeal and tongue exercises (myofunctional therapy) for snoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2018 Apr; 275(4):849-855.
13
Umesh Goswami, Adam Black, Brian Krohn, Wendy Meyers, Conrad Iber. Smartphone-based delivery of oropharyngeal exercises for treatment of snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep & Breathing. 2019 Mar; 23(1): 243-250.
14
Hemmat Baz, Mohsen Elshafey, Shawky Mahmoud Elmorsy, Mohamed Abu-Samra. The role of oral myofunctional therapy in managing patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. PAN Arab Journal of Rhinology, 2012 March. Vol. 2, No. 1, page 17-22.
15
Ahmed Sh Mohamed, Ragia S. Sharshar, Reham M. Elkolaly, Shaimaa M. Serageldin. Upper airway muscle exercises outcome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis. 2017, vol 66., Nr. 1, S. 121-125.
16
Dongmei Ye, Chen Chen, Dongdong Song, Mei Shen, Hongwei Liu, Surui Zhang, Hong Zhang, Jingya Li, Wenfei Yu, Qiwen Wang. Oropharyngeal Muscle Exercise Therapy Improves Signs and Symptoms of Post-stroke Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Frontiers in Neurology. 2018 Oct 29:9:912.
17
Alise Ojay, Edzard Ernst. Can singing exercises reduce snoring? A pilot study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2000 Sep; 8(3):151-6.
18
Milo A Puhan, Alex Suarez, Christian Lo Cascio, Alfred Zahn, Markus Heitz, Otto Braendli. Didgeridoo playing as alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal. 2006 Feb 4; 332(7536): 266-270.
19
Fabiane Kayamori, Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves Bianchini. Effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy on the symptoms and physiological parameters of sleep breathing disorders in adults: a systematic review. Revista CEFAC – Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences and Educational Journal. December 2017. 19(6): 868-878.
20
Macario Camacho, Victor Certal, Jose Abdullatif, Soroush Zaghi, Chad M. Ruoff, Robson Capasso, Clete A. Kushida. Myofunctional Therapy to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sleep. 2015 May 1; 38(5):669-75.
21
Fawn N. van der Weijden, Frank Lobbezoo, Dagmar E. Slot. The effect of playing a wind instrument or singing on risk of sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2020 Sep 15; 16(9):1591-1601.
22
Giovana Diaféria, Rogerio Santos-Silva, Eveli Truksinas, Fernanda L.M. Haddad, Renata Santos, Silvana Bommarito, Luiz C. Gregório, Sergio Tufik, Lia Bittencourt. Myofunctional therapy improves adherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Sleep and Breathing. 2017 May;21(2):387-395.
23
Ridhwan Y Baba. Role of playing wind instruments and singing in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2020 Sep 15; 16(9):1429-1430
24
Rueda Jose-Ramon, Mugueta-Aguinaga Iranzu, Vilaró Jordi, Rueda-Etxebarria Mikel. Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 Nov 3; 11(11):CD013449.
25
Catriona M Steele. On the plausibility of upper airway remodeling as an outcome of orofacial exercise. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2009 May 15; 179(10):858-9.
26
LIU Huiru; JIN Jie; QIU Yihui. The treatment progress of myofunctional therapy for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 2018 Apr; 32(8):629-633.
27
Carlos O’Connor-Reina, Jose Maria Ignacio Garcia, Elisa Rodriguez Ruiz, Maria Del Carmen Morillo Dominguez, Victoria Ignacio Barrios, Peter Baptista Jardin, Juan Carlos Casado Morente, Maria Teresa Garcia Iriarte, Guillermo Plaza. Myofunctional Therapy App for Severe Apnea-Hypopnea Sleep Obstructive Syndrome: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth . 2020 Nov 9; 8(11):e23123.
28
Tom Jose E. J., Kalpana A.P., Edmund M. D’Couto. Effect of oropharyngeal exercises on snorers: An experimental study. 2012. Dissertation submitted to The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University.
29
Camila de Castro Corrêa, Fabiane Kayamori, Silke Anna Theresa Weber, Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves Bianchini. Scientific production of Brazilian speech language pathologists in sleep medicine. Sleep science. 2018 May-Jun; 11(3):183-210
30
Olga Mediano, Sofia Romero-Peralta, Pilar Resano, Irene Cano-Pumarega, Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, María Castillo-García, Ana Belén Martínez-Sánchez, Ana Ortigado, Francisco García-Río. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Emerging Treatments Targeting the Genioglossus Muscle. Journal of clinical medicine. 2019 Oct 22; 8(10):1754
31
Irumee Pai, Stephen Lo, Dennis Wolf, Azgher Kajieker. The effect of singing on snoring and daytime somnolence. Sleep & Breathing. 2008 Aug; 12(3):265-8
32
C Guilleminault, Y S Huang, P J Monteyrol, R Sato, S Quo, C H Lin. Critical role of myofascial reeducation in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Medicine. 2013 Jun; 14(6):518-25
33
Maria Pia Villa , Luca Brasili, Alessandro Ferretti, Ottavio Vitelli, Jole Rabasco, Anna Rita Mazzotta, Nicoletta Pietropaoli, Susy Martella. Oropharyngeal exercises to reduce symptoms of OSA after AT. Sleep & Breathing. 2015 Mar; 19(1):281-9
34
L M Wu , X F Wu , Z M Yu , Y Liu. Systematic review on orofacial myofunctional therapy to treat obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 2017 Nov 20; 31(22):1774-1777
35
Brien Hsu , Chitra Priya Emperumal , Vincent X Grbach , Mariela Padilla , Reyes Enciso. Effects of respiratory muscle therapy on obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical sleep medicine. 2020 May 15; 1 6(5):785-801
36
Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Jordi Vilaró, Joan-Daniel Martí, Onintza Garmendia, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Bárbara Romano-Andrioni, Cristina Embid, Josep M Montserrat. Effects of a Combined Community Exercise Program in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of clinical medicine. 2019 Mar 14; 8(3):361.
37
Hiroshi Suzuki, Mayuko Yoshimiura, Yoshihiro Iwata, Sumito Oguchi, Misao Kawara, Chin-Moi Chow. Lip muscle training improves obstructive sleep apnea and objective sleep: a case report. Sleep science. 2017 Jul-Sep; 10(3):128-131.
38
Nurel Bellur, Hulya Arikan, Hakan Caliskan, Ebru Calik, Naciye Vardar-Yagli, Melda Saglam, Sema Savci, Deniz Inal-Ince, Melike Yuce Ege, Hikmet Firat, Sadik Ardic. Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on antropometric measures and symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. European Respiratory Journal. 2012 40: P492
39
Prapun Kittivoravitkul, Chonlada Laohaviranit, Sorakai Wongpaiboonwatana. Randomized trial of oropharyngeal exercises plus incentive spirometry on patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. European Respiratory Journal. 2018 52: PA2263
40
Maria Pia Villa, Melania Evangelisti, Susy Martella, Mario Barreto, Marco Del Pozzo. Can myofunctional therapy increase tongue tone and reduce symptoms in children with sleep-disordered breathing? Sleep & Breathing. 2017 Dec; 21(4): 1025-1032
41
Wei Wang, Changping Di, Skaff Mona, Lin Wang, Mark Hans. Tongue Function: An Underrecognized Component in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Mandibular Repositioning Appliance. Canadian Respiratory Journal. 2018 Nov 6: 2018:2157974
42
Danielle Barreto e Silva Pitta, André Farias Pessoa, André Luiz L. Sampaio, Raimundo Nonato Rodrigues, Marilene Guiot Tavares, Paulo Tavares. Oral Myofunctional Therapy Applied on Two Cases of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. 2007. Vol.11, no. 3, p. 350-354
43
Cooper, Abbey. Orofacial myology and myofunctional therapy for sleep related breathing disorders. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 2010, 5. Jg., Nr. 1, S. 109-113.
44
Younis A, Hemmat Baz, Amina Abd El Maksoud. Upper Airway Exercises in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. 2011. Thoracic Medicine Department, Phoniatrics Unit, ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University.
45
José Carlos Nogueira Nóbrega-Júnior, Armèle Dornelas de Andrade, Erika Alves Marinho de Andrade, Maria do Amparo Andrade, Alice Santana Valadares Ribeiro, Rodrigo Pinto Pedrosa, Ana Paula de Lima Ferreira, Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima. Inspiratory Muscle Training in the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Sleep Quality and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial. Nature and science of sleep. 2020 Dec 2:12:1105-1113 .
46
Guimaraes KC, Protetti HM. The phonoaudiological work at obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 2003;26:A209.
47
Himanshu Pathak, Sushil Arora, Pooja Roge. Effectiveness Of Oropharyngeal Exercises In Patients with Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research. March 2018: Vol.7, Issue 2, P. 43-48
48
Su-mi Oh, RN, Jin-Hyeong Kim, MS, Seok-Hyun Kim, MD. Upper airway myofunctional exercise: a systematic review. Journal of Korean Medical Association. April 2019. 62(4):224
49
P Woo. Acquired laryngomalacia: epiglottis prolapse as a cause of airway obstruction. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 1992 Apr;101(4):314-20
50
Yehuda Finkelstein, Lior Wolf, Ariela Nachmani, Uri Lipowezky, Mordechai Rub, Sa’ar Shemer, Gilead Berger. Velopharyngeal anatomy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea versus normal subjects. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2014 Jul;72(7):1350-72
51
Ju-Shin Lim, Jae Woo Lee, Chun Han, Jang-Woo Kwon. Correlation of soft palate length with velum obstruction and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018 Jun;45(3):499-503
52
Fabiane Kayamori , Fabio Augusto Winckler Rabelo , Daniella Nazario , Eric Rodrigues Thuller , Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves Bianchini. Myofunctional assessment for obstructive sleep apnea and the association with patterns of upper airway collapse: a preliminary study. Sleep science. 2022 Jan-Mar;15(1):95-104
53
Chen Zhao , Alonço Viana , Yifei Ma , Robson Capasso. High Tongue Position is a Risk Factor for Upper Airway Concentric Collapse in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Observation Through Sleep Endoscopy. Nature and science of sleep. 2020 Oct 19:12:767-774
54
Jagatkumar A Patel , Bryan J Ray , Camilo Fernandez-Salvador , Christopher Gouveia , Soroush Zaghi , Macario Camacho. Neuromuscular function of the soft palate and uvula in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review. American Journal of otolaryngology. 2018 May-Jun;39(3):327-337.
55
Edward T Chang , Grace Baik , Carlos Torre , Scott E Brietzke , Macario Camacho. The relationship of the uvula with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review. Sleep & breathing. 2018 Dec;22(4):955-961
56
Yue Liu , Jian-Rong Zhou , Shi-Qi Xie , Xia Yang , Jing-Lan Chen. The Effects of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy on Children with OSAHS’s Craniomaxillofacial Growth: A Systematic Review. Children. 2023 Mar 31;10(4):670
57
William Poncin, Nils Correvon, Jonathan Tam, Jean-Christian Borel, Mathieu Berger, Giuseppe Liistro, Benny Mwenge, Raphael Heinzer, Olivier Contal. The effect of tongue elevation muscle training in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2022 Nov; 49(11):1049-1059.
58
M. Hilton, J. Savage, B. Hunter, S. McDonald, C. Repanos and R. Powell. Singing Exercises Improve Sleepiness and Frequency of Snoring among Snorers – A Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 2 No. 3, 2013, pp. 97-102.
59
Venkata Koka, Andrea De Vito, Gabriel Roisman, Michel Petitjean, Giulio Romano Filograna Pignatelli, Davide Padovani, Winfried Randerath. Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pathophysiological Perspective. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Apr 1;57(4):323.
60
Yu-Shu Huang, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Christian Guilleminault, Li-Chuan Chuang. Myofunctional Therapy: Role in Pediatric OSA. Sleep Medicine Clinics. 2019 Mar; 14(1):135-142.
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Selin Çakmakcı, Aylin Özgen Alpaydın, Sevgi Özalevli, İbrahim Öztura, Bahriye Oya İtil. The effect of oropharyngeal exercise in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea using CPAP: a randomized controlled study. Sleep & Breathing. 2022 Jun; 26(2):567-574.
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Elias S Saba, Hannah Kim, Pauline Huynh, Nancy Jiang. Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Laryngoscope. 2024 Jan; 134(1):480-495.
Status 2024-01-11
